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FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standardized method of transferring files between computers, regardless of the platform or operating system the computers are running. Again, FTP is a protocol or method of transferring files. There are many FTP client programs that make FTP very easy to use!
The FTP client is a program that runs on your local computer and interacts with your Web server’s FTP service. Most FTP programs have a graphical interface that make it easy to transfer and manipulate files. If you don’t have an FTP client, you can download them from the Internet for free. The following list of FTP clients are just a sample of those available for download from the Internet:
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- Microsoft Internet Explorer graphical FTP
- CuteFTP
- SmartFTP
- WS_FTP (30-day trial)
- FTP Commander
- Crystal FTP 2000
For instructions on installing and configuring these clients, please refer to the documentation that accompanies the product. There are two methods of FTP access available to a website. Depending on your account type, you may have both options available to you. The two types of FTP access to your site are:
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- Administrative FTP
- Anonymous FTP
Regardless of the type of FTP access you use to your site, it is important to know that you can upload, download, overwrite, and delete files on your account. For this reason, it is good practice to backup any material before overwriting or deleting it!
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Administrative FTP
Administrative FTP comes by default with your account. When you access your site by FTP using your primary user name and password, you are doing so as an Administrative FTP user. The term 'Administrative' is used since you have full control of your site, including directories not accessible with the FrontPage client. Many Webmasters and Website Administrators will use Administrative FTP to gain an overall understanding of a website’s structure. Each FTP user you add to your site will have administrative control over the directories you give them permission to.
To access your website using Administrative or Anonymous FTP, you will need to refer to your site with the ftp prefix. That is because FTP is a protocol, similar to HTTP. It is a different way of accessing your site. You may use either of the below methods to access your site by FTP on the Internet:
If you wish to login as the Administrative FTP user, you will be required to enter your user name and password. If you wish to login as the Anonymous FTP user, you may be prompted for a user name of anonymous and your email address as a password. This is for logging purposes. Depending on the type of FTP login, you will see the directories to which you have access. The Administrative FTP user has control over the www & ftp directories. The Anonymous FTP user will have restricted access to the contents of the ftp directory.
The below steps will walk you through the basics of uploading content to your account using the graphical FTP feature of Microsoft® Internet Explorer 5.0® and later.
- Launch Internet Explorer from your desktop or Start menu:
- Enter your domain name preceded with an 'ftp' in the browser address bar, then click Go or hit [Enter] on your keyboard.
- Internet Explorer will open the site in Anonymous mode. As such, you will only see the contents of the /ftp directory. By default, only a logs file exists in the ftp directory.
- To access the remainder (and majority) of your website, login as the Administrative FTP user. Click on File and choose Login As.
- Enter your account user name and password when prompted then click Login or hit [Enter] on your keyboard.
- You will see a different set of files and folders in the browser window. The address bar will now read:
ftp://username@www.mydomain.com/
By default, you should see an ftp and www folder similar to the ones below.
- Double-click the 'www' folder as you would a file or folder on your local computer. You should see the below folders.
- Double-click the 'htdocs' folder since this is the actual location of your website. You will see a number of files and folders similar to the below.
- Depending on the version of Internet Explorer and operating system you are running, there are a number of ways to copy files and folders from your local computer to your website. You can drag-and-drop files, right-click drag-and-drop, or just copy and paste the files directly. Regardless of the method you choose, Internet Explorer makes FTP easier than ever with graphical drag-and-drop FTP capabilities!
As a general overview, here is the directory structure of your website.
You can see the separate 'ftp' folder for the Anonymous user access. The highlighted 'htdocs' directory is the actual location of your website (the portion viewable to the world). Graphical FTP clients like Internet Explorer provide insight to your website directory structure and where to place things of importance.
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Anonymous FTP
Anonymous FTP can be thought of as public FTP, where anyone can login and access files. It is FTP access, where no password is validated upon login. Some FTP clients ask for a username of 'anonymous' and any password (or an email address).
Any user on the Internet can login as the Anonymous FTP user, if the service is enabled. For this reason, your account Anonymous FTP service is setup with restricted access to one directory, the /www/ftp directory.
Many website administrators and webmasters will use the Anonymous service to share content, inviting others to upload their material to this directory. As a result, this service acts as a shared drive for you and the public to use.
Note: Anonymous FTP cannot be configured to allow simultaneous uploads and downloads to the same directory.
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